PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE SERVICES, INC.

How to read an Oil Analysis Report


SPECTROMETAL RESULTS

This analysis measures, in parts per million, the quantity of wear, additive and contaminant metals. It is important to note that some metals may be present in any of the three categories.

IRON

Gears, bearings, rings, pistons, cylinders, shafts, valve train, other steel components, rust and other iron oxides.

CHROMIUM

Chromed parts such as rings, rolling element bearings. Also chromate which is sometimes an additive in coolant fluids.

LEAD

Usually from babbitt bearings. Sometimes an additive in gear lubes and as tetraethyl lead in leaded gasoline.

COPPER

Bearings, thrusts, bushings, clutch discs in some transmissions, bronze or brass. Additive in some oils. Heat exchangers.

TIN

Usually from babbitt bearings. Can also be piston wear.

ALUMINUM

Pistons, some bearings and bushings, housings, blowers. Also as alumina from dirt or grinding compounds.

NICKEL

Bearings, valves and valve guides, shafts.

SILVER

Bearings, silver solder. Also indicator of coolant-especially when glycol is indicated.

CADMIUM

Metal plating on some bearings. Also used in some paints, plastics and solders.

VANADIUM

Turbine components. Found in some marine fuels.

SILICON

Primarily from dust and dirt. Also anti-foam additive in lubricants. May also be from seals or gasket materials in new or newly rebuilt engines.

BORON

Anti-oxidant in coolants and lubricants. Detergent/dispersant additive in some lubricants.

PHYSICAL ANALYSIS

WATER (VOL)

Accurate to .05 and reported in volume. Can cause oil degradation, poor lubrication, rust and may emulsify in oil. Water may also affect the viscosity (thickness) of oil.

KARL FISCHER

Detects very small quantities of water in systems requiring more accurate results. Typically reported in parts per million.

GLYCOL

Indicates antifreeze (ethylene-glycol) in lubricant which can cause sludge, varnish and lubricant breakdown. Can attack bearings causing seizure. Reported as "N" Negative, "T" Trace (100-300 ppm), "M" Moderate (>500 ppm) and "E" Excessive (>1000 ppm).

FUEL

Indicates unburned fuel in the lubricant. Causes oil thinning, increased wear and reduced load carrying ability of the lubricant. Reported as "A" Acceptable (0-3%), "C" Caution (3-5%), "E" Excessive (Over 5%).

SOOT

By-Product of combustion. Causes increased viscosity (thickening). Can trap abrasive contaminants and wear metals in the matrix increasing wear.

AN

(Formerly TAN) Acid Number. Measures acidic material in lubricants. Usually (but not always) indicates potential for corrosive wear.

ATTENTION CODES: An attention code beneath any results of "L" indicates slightly low. "B" is abnormally low, "C" is critically low and "D" is extremely low. See "Attention codes" on the report for other attention codes. Remarks and comments are advisory only and are based on the assumption that the sample is representative and data submitted is valid. Missing information limits the evaluation. No Warranty is expressed or implied.
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